Distribution of plasma proteins in patients with chronic renal disease and hepatic insufficiency

Chronic renal disease (CRD) is a serious condition associated with mortality, and decreased quality of life. Moreover, patients of CRD are often suffering from hepatic insufficiency (HI). The plasma protein profile could be used as a predictor, as well as a diagnostic marker of preoperative liver and renal failure. The present study was carried out to evaluate the fluctuation in the plasma protein profile in patients with chronic renal failure and hepatic insufficiency. The blood samples were collected from 68 pre-dialysis patients with CRD and HI with their prior consent from a local hospital matched with the normal samples. Our results showed a significant rise in the levels of urea and creatinine, total bilirubin and glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in patients with CRD and HI than normal individuals. Since studies indicated that albumin and fibrinogen are insufficient for diagnosis and staging, therefore the complete plasma protein profile was designed to clarify physiological relationships and emphasize pathological conditions through pattern recognition. SDSPAGE of plasma proteins was carried out to evaluate the effect of CRD and HI on individual proteins present in plasma. Characteristic band patterns were obtained in patients that fully describe the state of the disease. Reduced or low concentrations of albumin, pre-albumin, haptoglobin, transferrin and alpha-1-acidglycoprotein were noted through the gel electrophoresis. The decrease of haptoglobin (100 KD) and the increase of alpha-1-antitrypsin (54 KD) in CRD and HI were a characteristic change, respectively. Our results suggest that pre albumin and haptoglobin are useful markers of CRD and HI.